Regeneration

Regeneration is understood as ability of organisms to recover the damaged fabrics, and even sometimes the whole bodies. Besides, definition of this concept includes recovery of an organism in general from its fragment which was separated artificially. Recovery of a hydra from the dissociated cells or a small fragment of a body can be an example of such regeneration.

Also regeneration can be considered as recovery of the lost parts by an organism at any stage of a life cycle. Such recovery results from loss of any body or its part. In this case reparative regeneration takes place. She is typical and atypical. The first look is characterized by substitution of the lost part just the same. External influence, amputation can be the cause of loss of part of a body, for example. At atypical regeneration there is substitution of the lost part of a body another which differs from initial qualitatively or quantitatively.

Phisiological regeneration is a regeneration which happens during all normal life activity of an organism, and at the same time it is not connected with loss, damage or threat. Continuous updating of skin, namely its periblast can be an example of phisiological regeneration. Besides, to good regeneration nails and hair as derivative skin are capable. Recovery of a bone tissue after changes is also provided with ability to self-recovery. At you will wipe a site of a pancreas or a thyroid gland, a liver (up to 70%), cells of these bodies begin to share actively therefore there comes recovery of the sizes of body which were originally. This ability also nervous cells possess. Even finger-tips are under certain conditions capable to self-repair. Phisiological regeneration happens cellular when recovery happens at the expense of the differentiated or cambial cells, and intracellular – due to updating of organellas. Recovery of each separate fabric is characterized by specific features at the subcellular and cellular levels.

Need for phisiological regeneration arises thanks to that, during life in body tissues there are processes connected with dying off and wear of cells. These processes received the name of a physiological degeneration. Replacement of such cells new just is also provided with a physiological renegeration. Each organism throughout his life passes through the mass of processes of updating and recovery.

The term "regenartion" was for the first time offered by the French scientist Reaumur in 1712.